Authors
Kol’bin A.A.1, Churashov S.V.1, Kulikov A.N.1, Shamrej D.V.1, Troyanovskij R.L.1, Mal’cev D.S.1, Kacherovich P.A.1, Suetov A.A.2
1 S.M. Kirov Military medical academy, St. Petersburg
2 State Research Institute of Military Medicine, St. Petersburg
Abstract
At the V.V. Volkov Ophthalmology Department of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy for several years, work has been carried out to create a model of gunshot open globe injury, which would allow a deeper study of the features of the pathological process in this type of combat damage and could become the basis for evaluating and comparing various methods of treatment depending on the volume of surgical treatment and the time of its implementation.
Aim: the purpose of the research is to development experimental standardized model of gunshot open globe injury type C (with an intraocular foreign body) inflicted with a pump-action weapon.
Materials and methods: The experiment was performed at the V.V. Volkov Ophthalmology Department of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy. The used tools: Crosman 2100 pump-action rifle, a number of bullets with a diameter of 4.5mm, HLF-2 chronograph (frame type), Phantom Miro M 310 video camera, analytical scales. The preliminary parameters were checked on the plasticine block, intermediate parameters — on the heads of cadaver rabbits and final — on live rabbits. The results of video recorded models and autopsy of the removed eyeball helped to examine terminal ballistics and the type of injury.
Keywords: pump-action weapon, standardized experimental model, gunshot open globe injury, wound ballistics.
References
1. Cao H, Li L, Zhang M, Li H. Epidemiology of pediatric ocular trauma in the Chaoshan Region, China, 2001–2010. PLoS One. 2013 Apr 8; 8(4): e60844.
2. Beshay N, Keay L, Dunn H, Kamalden TA, Hoskin AK, Watson SL. The epidemiology of Open Globe Injuries presenting to a tertiary referral eye hospital in Australia. Injury. 2017 Jul; 48(7): 1348–1354.
3. Fujikawa A, Mohamed YH, Kinoshita H, Matsumoto M, Uematsu M, Tsuiki E, et al. Visual outcomes and prognostic factors in open-globe injuries. BMC Ophthalmol. 2018 Jun 8; 18(1): 138.
4. Scott R. The injured eye. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2011 V. 366: 251–260.
5. Kulikov AN, Churashov SV, Nikolaev SN, et al. Structure, features and outcomes of modern military eye injury in the course of armed conflict with global terrorism. Vestnik of Russian Military medical Academy. 2019; 5: 310–313. (In Russ).
6. Brănişteanu D, Moraru A. Surgery for posterior segment intraocular foreign bodies — anatomical and functional results. Oftalmologia. 2013; 57(4): 51–60.
7. Banerjee PJ, Cornelius VR, Phillips R, Lo JW, Bunce C, Kelly J, et al. Adjunctive intraocular and peri-ocular steroid (triamcinolone acetonide) versus standard treatment in eyes undergoing itreoretinal surgery for open globe trauma (ASCOT): study protocol for a phase III, multi-centre, double-masked randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2016 Jul 22; 17(1): 339.
8. Hou H, Nudleman E, Weinreb RN, Animal Models of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy and Their Use in Pharmaceutical Investigations. Ophthalmic Res 2018; 60: 195–204.
9. Kratz A, Levy J, Cheles D, Ashkenazy Z, Tsumi E, Lifshitz T. Airsoft gun-related ocular injuries: novel findings, ballistics investigation, and histopathologic study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010 Jan; 149(1): 37–44.
10. Kuhn F, Morris R, Witherspoon CD, Mester V. The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology system (BETT). J Fr Ophtalmol. 2004 Feb;27(2):206-10.
11. Sponsel WE, Gray W, Scribbick FW, Stern AR, Weiss CE, Groth SL, et al. Blunt eye trauma: empirical histopathologic paintball impact thresholds in fresh mounted porcine eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Jul 15; 52(8): 5157–66
12. Shishkin MM, Mironov AV. An option of the experimental model of open injury of the eyeball. In: sbornik tezisov po materialam 10-y nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii «Aktual’nyye problemy oftal’mologii». Moscow, 2007. (In Russ). [URL] Accessed 10.12.2020.
13. Kanevskiy BA, Churashov SV, Kulikov AN, et al. Standardized experimental model of gunshot open globe injury. Modern technologies in ophthalmology. 2018; 4: 147–149. (In Russ).
14. Boyko EV, Grabovetskiy SI, Churashov SV, Sazhin TG, Kulikov AN, Sukhinin MV. Comparative pathophysiological characteristic of intraocular immunological changes in open globe injury in the experiment at intravitreal and periocular administration of depot glucocorticoids. Ophthalmology journal. 2013; (6)3: 26–31.
15. Powley KD, Dahlstrom DB, Atkins VJ, Fackler ML. Velocity necessary for a BB to penetrate the eye: an experimental study using pig eyes. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2004 Dec; 25(4): 273–5.
