Глобальный фактор риска заболеваемости студентов — малоподвижный образ жизни

Пивоварова О.А. ^{1, 2}, Куликов Д.А.^{1, 2}, Коняева О.Е.³, Борщев Г.Г.³, Олейникова В.С.¹

В статье рассматриваются вопросы снижения физической активности студентов. Анализируются статистические исследования отечественных и зарубежных авторов о причинах развития гиподинамии среди учащихся в высших учебных заведениях, риски возникновения заболеваний вследствии малоподвижного образа жизни и пути его преодоления.

1. Physical Activity Facts. CDC Healthy Schools [URL].

2. Johannes C, Roman NV, Onagbiye SO, Titus S, Leach LL. Strategies and Best Practices That Enhance the Physical Activity Levels of Undergraduate University Students: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024; 21(2): 173. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21020173.

3. Physical inactivity [URL].

4. Ku PW, Steptoe A, Liao Y, Hsueh MC, Chen LJ. A cut-off of daily sedentary time and all-cause mortality in adults: A meta-regression analysis involving more than 1 million participants. BMC Med. 2018; 16: 74. doi: 10.1186/s12916-018-1062-2.

5. Katzmarzyk PT, Friedenreich C, Shiroma EJ, Lee IM. Physical inactivity and non-communicable disease burden in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries. Br J Sports Med. 2022; 56: 101-06. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103640.

6. Rezende LFM, Sá TH, Mielke GI, Viscondi JYK, Rey-López JP, Garcia LMT. All-Cause Mortality Attributable to Sitting Time: Analysis of 54 Countries Worldwide. Am J Prev Med. 2016; 51(2): 253-263. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.01.022.

7. World Health Organization (2014). Global status report on noncommunicable diseases [URL].

8. WHO Global Action Plan for Physical Activity 2018–2030: More Active People for Healthier World. WHO Home Page [URL].

9. Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1·9 million participants. Lancet Glob Health. 2018; 6(10): e1077-e1086. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7.

10. Marijančić V, Grubić Kezele T, Peharec S, Dragaš-Zubalj N, Pavičić Žeželj S, Starčević-Klasan G. Relationship between Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior, Spinal Curvatures, Endurance and Balance of the Trunk Muscles-Extended Physical Health Analysis in Young Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 20(20): 6938. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20206938.

11. Myers J, Kokkinos P, Nyelin E. Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients. 2019; 11: 1652. doi: 10.3390/nu11071652.

12. Park JH, Moon JH, Kim HJ, Kong MH, Oh YH. Sedentary Lifestyle: Overview of Updated Evidence of Potential Health Risks. Korean J. Fam. Med. 2020; 41: 365-373. doi: 10.4082/kjfm.20.0165.

13. Du Y, Liu B, Sun Y, Snetselaar LG, Wallace RB, Bao W. Trends in adherence to the physical activity guidelines for americans for aerobic activity and time spent on sedentary behavior among US adults, 2007 to 2016. JAMA Netw. Open. 2019; 2: e197597. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7597.

14. Huang Z, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Sedentary Behaviors and Health Outcomes among Young Adults: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Healthcare (Basel). 2022; 10(8): 1480. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10081480.

15. Bluearth Move More, Sit Less. 2019 [URL].

16. Loyen A, Clarke-Cornwell AM, Anderssen SA, et al. Sedentary time and physical activity surveillance through accelerometer pooling in four european countries. Sports Med. 2017; 47: 1421–1435. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0658-y.

17. Edelmann D, Pfirrmann D, Heller S, Dietz P, et al. Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in University Students-The Role of Gender, Age, Field of Study, Targeted Degree, and Study Semester. Front Public Health. 2022; 10: 821703. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.821703.

18. Castro O, Bennie J, Vergeer I, Bosselut G, Biddle SJH. How Sedentary Are University Students? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Prev Sci. 2020; 21(3): 332-343. doi: 10.1007/s11121-020-01093-8.

19. Lantyer AS, et al. Ansiedade e qualidade de vida entre estudantes universitários ingressantes: Avaliação e intervenção. Revista Brasileira de Terapia Comportamental e Cognitiva. 2016; 17(2): 4-19.

20. Esteves D, et al. Nível de atividade física e hábitos de vida saudável de universitários portugueses. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte. 2017; 12(2): 261-270.

21. Kwan MY, Cairney J, Faulkner GE, Pullenayegum EE. Physical activity and other health-risk behaviors during the transition into early adulthood: a longitudinal cohort study. Am J Prev Med. 2012; 42(1): 14-20. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.08.026.

22. Kljajević V, Stanković M, Đorđević D, et al. Physical Activity and Physical Fitness among University Students-A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 19(1): 158. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010158.

23. Dunstan DW, Kingwell BA, Larsen R, et al. Breaking up Prolonged Sitting Reduces Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Responses. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35: 976-983. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1931.

24. Bauman AE, Petersen CB, Blond K, et al. The Descriptive Epidemiology of Sedentary Behaviour. In: Leitzmann M, Jochem C, Schmid D, editor. Sedentary Behaviour Epidemiology. Springer Series on Epidemiology and Public Health. Cham: Springer. 2018: 73-106. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-61552-3_4.

25. Макеева В.С., Широкова Е.А., Щеголева М.А. Возможности применения технологий фитнеса в программе обеспечения субъективного благополучия студентов вуза // Мир науки, культуры, образования. — 2019. — №1(74). — С.318-321.

26. Хвалебо Г.В. Физическая культура как фактор укрепления здоровья студентов // Вестник Таганрогского института имени А.П. Чехова. — 2012. — №1. — С.104-105.

27. Сбитнева О.А. Воздействие учебного процесса на организм студентов // Universum: психология и образование. — 2018. — №1(43).

28. Кузнецов В.В. Оценка когнитивных функций студентов медицинских университетов в процессе обучения, связанная с состоянием их здоровья // Исследования и практика в медицине. — 2021. — №1. — С.85-96.

29. Guariguata L, Jeyaseelan S. Children and Non-Communicable Disease: Global Burden Report 2019. NCD Child; Toronto, ON, Canada: 2019.

30. Al-Awwad NJ, Al-Sayyed HF, Zeinah ZA, Tayyem RF. Dietary and lifestyle habits among university students at different academic years. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021; 44: 236-242. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.06.010.

31. Winpenny EM, van Sluijs EMF, White M, Klepp KI, Wold B, Lien N. Changes in diet through adolescence and early adulthood: longitudinal trajectories and association with key life transitions. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2018; 15(1): 86. doi: 10.1186/s12966-018-0719-8.

32. Memon AR, Gupta CC, Crowther ME, et al. Sleep and physical activity in university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2021; 58: 101482. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101482.

33. Froböse I, Wallmann-Sperlich B. Der DKV-Report 2021. Wie gesund lebt Deutschland. 2021 [URL].

35. LeBlanc A, Gunnell K, Prince S, et al. The ubiquity of the screen: An overview of the risks and benefits of screen time in our Modern World. Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine [URL].

36. Legey S, et al. Relationship among physical activity level, mood and anxiety states and quality of life in physical education students. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health. 2017; 9(13): 82-91. doi: 10.2174/1745017901713010082.

37. Snedden TR, et al. Sport and physical activity level impacts health-related quality of life among collegiate students. American Journal of Health Promotion. 2019; 33(5): 675-682. doi: 10.1177/0890117118817715.

38. Yildirim M, Bayrak C. The participation of university students in physical activities based on sport and the effect of the students’quality of life on academic achievement and socialisation (sample of Eskisehir Osmangazi University) HU Journal of Education. 2019; 34(1): 123-144. doi: 10.16986/HUJE.2017032928.

39. Mak YW, et al. Health promoting lifestyle and quality of life among Chinese nursing students. Primary Health Care. Research & Development. 2018; 19: 629-636. doi: 10.1017/S1463423618000208.

40. Vo TQ, Nguyen HTT, Ta APN. Effect of sociodemographic factors on quality of life of medical students in southern Vietnam: A survey using the WHOQOL-BREF assessment. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research. 2020; 8(3): 211-224.

41. Халилова Л.И. Двигательная активность и ее влияние на здоровье студентов // Педагогика. — 2021. — №3. — С.374-378.

42. Tremblay MS, Aubert S, Barnes JD, et al. SBRN Terminology Consensus Project Participants. Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) — Terminology Consensus Project process and outcome. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017; 14(1): 75. doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0525-8.

43. Лучина И.Г. Влияние физических упражнений на умственную производительность студентов // Педагогические науки. — 2015. — №3. — С.23-27.

44. Колокольцев М.М. Характеристика двигательной активности студентов вуза и стадии изменения их поведения, связанного с выполнением физических нагрузок // Вестник ИрГТУ. — 2014. — №2(85). — С.250-254.

45. Carballo-Fazanes A, Rico-Díaz J, Barcala-Furelos R, et al. Physical Activity Habits and Determinants, Sedentary Behaviour and Lifestyle in University Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(9): 3272. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093272.

46. Musculoskeletal health [URL].

47. Jiang L, Cao Y, Ni S, Chen X, et al. Association of Sedentary Behavior with Anxiety, Depression, and Suicide Ideation in College Students. Front. Psychiatry. 2020; 11: 566098. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.566098.

48. Ge Y, Xin S, Luan D, Zou Z, et al. Association of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration on the health-related quality of life of college students in Northeast China. Health Qual. Life Outcomes. 2019; 17: 124. doi: 10.1186/s12955-019-1194-x.

49. Huang Z, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Sedentary Behaviors and Health Outcomes among Young Adults: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Healthcare. 2022; 10: 1480. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10081480.

50. Cepková A, Zemková E, Šooš Ľ, Uvaček M, Muyor JM. Sedentary lifestyle of university students is detrimental to the thoracic spine in men and to the lumbar spine in women. PLoS One. 2023; 18(12): e0288553. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288553.

51. Mirbagheri SS, Rahmani-Rasa A, Farmani F, Amini P, Nikoo MR. Evaluating Kyphosis and Lordosis in Students by Using a Flexible Ruler and Their Relationship with Severity and Frequency of Thoracic and Lumbar Pain. Asian Spine J. 2015; 9(3): 416-22. doi: 10.4184/asj.2015.9.3.416.

52. Moriyama H. Clin Calcium. 2017; 27(1): 87-94. Japanese.

53. Herzog W, Powers K, Johnston K, Duvall M. A new paradigm for muscle contraction. Front. Physiol. 2015; 6: 174. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00174.

54. Vella CA, Taylor K, Nelson MC. Associations of leisure screen time with cardiometabolic biomarkers in college-aged adults. J. Behav Med. 2020; 43: 1014-1025. doi: 10.1007/s10865-020-00161-2.

55. Carter S, Hartman Y, Holder S, Thijssen DH, Hopkins ND. Sedentary behavior and cardiovascular disease risk: Mediating mechanisms. Exerc. Sport. Sci. Rev. 2017; 45: 80-86. doi: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000106.

56. Hamaoka K, Ashizawa R, Hida M, Suganuma I, Yoshimoto Y. Chronic Lumbar Pain and Insomnia in College-Aged Students. Healthcare (Basel). 2022; 10(4): 701. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10040701.

57. Park J, Moon J, Kim H, Kong M, Oh Y. Sedentary lifestyle: Overview of updated evidence of potential health risks. Korean J Fam Med. 2020; 41(6): 365-373. doi: 10.4082/kjfm.20.0165.

58. Abrantes LCS, de Souza de Morais N, Gonçalves VSS, Ribeiro SAV, de Oliveira Sediyama CMN, do Carmo Castro Franceschini S, Dos Santos Amorim PR, Priore SE. Physical activity and quality of life among college students without comorbidities for cardiometabolic diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis. Qual Life Res. 2022; 31(7): 1933-1962. doi: 10.1007/s11136-021-03035-5.

59. Bangsbo J, Blackwell J, Boraxbekk C-J, et al. Copenhagen Consensus Statement 2019: Physical Activity and Ageing. Br. J. Sports Med. 2019; 53: 856-858. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100451.

60. Rico-Martín S, DE Nicolás-Jiménez JM, Martínez-Álvarez M, et al. Effects of Smoking and Physical Activity on the Pulmonary Function of Young University Nursing Students in Cáceres (Spain). J Nurs Res. 2019; 27(5): e46. doi: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000322.

61. Nazareno N, Benavente A, Alicto M, et al. Smoking, Nutrition, Alcohol, Physical Activity, and Obesity (SNAPO) Health Indicators Among College Students in Guam. Hawaii J Health Soc Welf. 2020; 79(6 Suppl 2): 24-29.

62. Jawed S, Ejaz S, Rehman R. Influence of smoking on lung functions in young adults. J Pak Med Assoc. 2012; 62(8): 772-5.

63. Lorensia A, Muntu CM, Suryadinata RV, Septiani R. Effect of lung function disorders and physical activity on smoking and non-smoking students. J Prev Med Hyg. 2021; 62(1): E89-E96. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.1.1763.

64. Banur A, Dacosta AL, Wiseman MP, Chaudri S. A Study on effects of smoking on spirometry, thoracic gas volume and residual volume in apparently asymptomatic smokers. IOSR Journal of Fental and Medical Sciences. 2016; 15: 48-54.

65. World Obesity Atlas 2023 [URL].

66. Brancaccio M, Mennitti C, Gentile A, Correale L, et al. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Job Activity, Dietary Behaviours and Physical Activity Habits of University Population of Naples, Federico II-Italy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021; 18: 1502. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041502.

67. Rodríguez-Larrad A, Mañas A, Labayen I, González-Gross M, et al. Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Spanish University Students: Role of Gender. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021; 18: 369. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020369.

68. Tavolacci MP, Wouters E, Van de Velde S, Buffel V, et al. The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Health Behaviors among Students of a French University. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021; 18: 4346. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18084346.

69. American College Health Association (ACHA) National College Health Assessment III: Undergraduate Student Reference Group Executive Summary Spring. American College Health Association; Silver Spring, MD, USA: 2021.

70. Peltzer K, Pengpid S, Samuels TA, et al. Prevalence of overweight/obesity and its associated factors among university students from 22 countries. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2014; 11: 7425-7441. doi: 10.3390/ijerph110707425.

71. Mitic N, Popovic L, Milic M, Radic I, Popovic B. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Students of University in Pristina/Kosovska Mitrovica, according to Different Anthropometric Indices. Iran J Public Health. 2021; 50(9): 1919-1921. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v50i9.7078.

72. What Is the ‘Freshman 15’? Weight Gain and College Life [URL].

73. Bailey CP, Sharma S, Economos CD, Hennessy E, Simon C, Hatfield DP. College campuses’ influence on student weight and related behaviours: A review of observational and intervention research. Obes Sci Pract. 2020; 6(6): 694-707. doi: 10.1002/osp4.445.

74. Sharma T, Langlois C, Morassut RE, Meyre D. Effect of living arrangement on anthropometric traits in first-year university students from Canada: The GENEiUS study. PLoS One. 2020; 15(11): e0241744. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241744.

75. Bray F, Ferley J, Surjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of worldwide incidence and mortality for 36 cancers in 185 countries . California Cancer J. Clin. 2018; 68(6): 394–424. doi: 10.3322/caac.21492. (In Russ.)

76. Friedenreich CM, Ryder-Burbidge C, McNeil J. Physical activity, obesity and sedentary behavior in cancer etiology: epidemiologic evidence and biologic mechanisms. Mol Oncol. 2021; 15(3): 790-800. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.12772.

77. Summary of Third Expert Report [URL].

78. American Institute for Cancer Research [URL].

79. McTiernan A, Friedenreich CM, Katzmarzyk PT, et al. Physical activity in cancer prevention and survival: a systematic review. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019; 51, 1252-1261.

80. Patel AV, Friedenreich CM, Moore SC, et al. American College of Sports Medicine Roundtable Report on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Cancer Prevention and Control. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019; 51(11): 2391-2402. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002117.

81. Metcalfe RS, Kemp R, Heffernan SM, et al. Anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise-conditioned human serum: evidence, relevance and opportunities. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021; 121(8): 2107-2124. doi: 10.1007/s00421-021-04680-x.

82. Emery A, Moore S, Turner JE, Campbell JP. Reframing How Physical Activity Reduces The Incidence of Clinically-Diagnosed Cancers: Appraising Exercise-Induced Immuno-Modulation As An Integral Mechanism. Front Oncol. 2022; 12: 788113. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.788113.

83. Hartanto A, Yong JC, Toh WX, et al. Cognitive, social, emotional, and subjective health benefits of computer use in adults: A 9-year longitudinal study from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Comput. Hum. Behav. 2020; 104: 106179. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.106179.

84. Fancourt D, Steptoe A. Television viewing and cognitive decline in older age: Findings from the english longitudinal study of ageing. Sci. Rep. 2019; 9: 2851. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39354-4.

85. Teychenne M, Stephens LD, Costigan SA, Olstad DL, Stubbs B, Turner AI. The association between sedentary behaviour and indicators of stress: A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19: 1357. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7717-x.

86. Hallgren M, Owen N, Stubbs B, Zeebari Z, et al. Passive and mentally-active sedentary behaviors and incident major depressive disorder: A 13-year cohort study. J. Affect. Disord. 2018; 241: 579-585. doi: 10.1016/ j.jad.2018.08.020.

87. Alert MD, Saab PG, Llabre MM, McCalla JR. Are self-efficacy and weight perception associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior in Hispanic adolescents? Health Educ Behav. 2018; 46(1): 53-62. doi: 10.1177/1090198118788599.

88. La Arias-de Torre J, Vilagut G, Ronaldson A, Serrano-Blanco A, Martín V, Peters M, et al. Prevalence and variability of current depressive disorder in 27 European countries: a population-based study. Lancet Public Health. 2021; 6: e729-38.

89. Ribeiro IJ, Pereira R, Freire IV, de Oliveira BG, Casotti CA, Boery EN. Stress and quality of life among university students: a systematic literature review. Heal Prof Educ. 2018; 4(2): 70-77. doi: 10.1016/j.hpe.2017.03.002.

90. Grutzmacher J, Gusy B, Lesener T, Sudheimer S, Willige J. Gesundheit Studierender in Deutschland 2017. Ein Kooperationsprojekt zwischen dem Deutschen Zentrum fur Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung, der Freien Universität Berlin und der Techniker Krankenkasse [URL].

91. Herbert C. Enhancing Mental Health, Well-Being and Active Lifestyles of University Students by Means of Physical Activity and Exercise Research Programs. Front Public Health. 2022; 10: 849093. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.849093.

92. Miko HC, Zillmann N, Ring-Dimitriou S, Dorner TE, Titze S, Bauer R. Auswirkungen von Bewegung auf die Gesundheit. Gesundheitswesen. 2020; 82(S03): S184-S195. doi: 10.1055/a-1217-0549.

93. Klaperski S. Exercise, stress, and health: the stress-buffering effect of exercise In: Fuchs R, Gerber M, editors. Handbook of Stress Regulation and Sport. Berlin: Springer; 2018. p. 227-249.

94. World health statistics 2019: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019 [URL].

95. Štefan L, Sporiš G, Krističević T. Are lower levels of physical activity and self-rated fitness associated with higher levels of psychological distress in Croatian young adults? A cross-sectional study. PeerJ. 2018; 6: e4700. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4700.

96. Panahi S, Tremblay A. Sedentariness and health: is sedentary behavior more than just physical inactivity? Front Public Health. 2018; 6: 258. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00258.

97. Vancampfort D, Ashdown-Franks G, Smith L, et al. Leisure-time sedentary behavior and loneliness among 148,045 adolescents aged 12-15 years from 52 low- and middle-income countries. J Affect Disord. 2019; 251: 149-155. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.076.

98. Lee E, Kim Y. Effect of university students’ sedentary behavior on stress, anxiety, and depression. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2018; 55(2): 164-169. doi: 10.1111/ppc.12296.

99. Felez-Nobrega M, Bort-Roig J, Briones L, et al. Self-reported and activPAL-monitored physical activity and sedentary behaviour in college students: not all sitting behaviours are linked to perceived stress and anxiety. J Sports Sci. 2020; 38(13): 1566-1574. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1748359.

100. Ge Y, Xin S, Luan D, Zou Z, et al. Independent and combined associations between screen time and physical activity and perceived stress among college students. Addict Behav. 2020; 103: 106224. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106224.

101. Tan SL, Jetzke M, Vergeld V, Müller C. Independent and Combined Associations of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Activity Intensities With Perceived Stress Among University Students: Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020; 6(4): e20119. doi: 10.2196/20119.

102. Subiron-Valera AB, Rodriguez-Roca B, Calatayud E, Gomez-Soria I, Andrade-Gómez E, Marcen-Roman Y. Linking sedentary behavior and mental distress in higher education: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychol. 2023; 14: 1205837. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1205837.

103. You Y, Chen Y, Fang W, Li X, et al. The association between sedentary behavior, exercise, and sleep disturbance: A mediation analysis of inflammatory biomarkers. Front Immunol. 2023; 13: 1080782. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1080782.

104. Takeda Y, Kimura F, Takasawa S. Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Hypertension Induced by Sleep Apnea Syndrome/Intermittent Hypoxia. Life (Basel). 2024; 14(1): 157. doi: 10.3390/life14010157.

105. Lee HW, Yoon HS, Yang JJ, Song M, et al. Association of sleep duration and quality with elevated hs-CRP among healthy Korean adults. PLoS One. 2020; 15(8): e0238053. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238053.

106. Xu Y, Su S, McCall WV, Wang X. Blunted rest-activity rhythm is associated with increased white blood-cell-based inflammatory markers in adults: an analysis from NHANES 2011-2014. Chronobiol Int. 2022; 39(6): 895-902. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2048663.

107. Koohsari MJ, Yasunaga A, McCormack GR, et al. Sedentary behaviour and sleep quality. Sci Rep. 2023; 13(1).

108. Koban K, Neureiter A, Stevic A, Matthes J. The COVID-19 infodemic at your fingertips. Reciprocal relationships between COVID-19 information FOMO, bedtime smartphone news engagement, and daytime tiredness over time. Comput Hum Behav. 2022; 130: 107175. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.107175.

109. Heo JY, Kim K, Fava M, et al. Effects of smartphone use with and without blue light at night in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled comparison. J Psychiatr Res. 2017; 87: 61-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.12.010.

110. Touitou Y, Reinberg A, Touitou D. Association between light at night, melatonin secretion, sleep deprivation, and the internal clock: Health impacts and mechanisms of circadian disruption. Life Sci. 2017; 173: 94-106. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.02.008.

111. Choi K, Shin C, Kim T, Chung HJ, Suk HJ. Awakening effects of blue-enriched morning light exposure on university students’ physiological and subjective responses. Sci Rep. 2019; 9(1): 345. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36791-5.

112. NIOSH NI for OS and H. The Color of the Light Affects the Circadian Rhythms. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [URL].

113. National Sleep Foundation N. National Sleep Foundation’s Sleep in America ® Poll: Americans Can Do More During the Day to Help Their Sleep at Night; 2022.