Authors
Fayzrahmanov R.R., Pavlovskiy O.A., Larina E.A.
Federal State Public Institution «National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Abstract
This article contains literature review about history of studying macular holes and development of surgical treatment methods. Macular hole is a defect of the foveolar part of the retina. Since 1869 till 2009 various theories of the formation of macular holes were proposed and discussed. The first was H. Knapp, who described a macular hole by patient after an eye contusion. Gass, who proposed a theory based on the principles of the vitreoretinal traction, also introduced the term «vitreomacular interface» for the first time.
Normally, vitreo-macular adhesion doesn’t cause any pathological phenomena, but in the case of the formation of vitreo-macular adhesions, it causes deformation of the macular profile. For a long time, the macular hole was considered as an incurable pathology. Such treatment methods as transbulbar diathermocoagulation, laser coagulation of the hole were suggested and used, but turned up to be ineffective. Now, the standard treatment is microinvasive vitrectomy, following staining and removal of the internal limiting membrane to increase retinal mobility in the macular area and then a gas-air tamponade of the vitreal cavity.
There are a number of techniques that increase the effectiveness of surgical treatment: the using of the internal limiting membrane: free flap, floating flap, introverted flap; mechanical matching of the edges of the macular defect; using substances for the adhesion of the edges of the macular defect (patelet rich plasma mass). Unfortunately, all the techniques have certain disadvantages, limiting their using, and this causes further searching and improvement new methods of the macular hole surgery.
Keywords: macular hole, vitreomacular interface, vitreoretinal surgery, ILM peeling, PRP.
References
1. Alpatov SA, Shchuko AG, Malyshev VV. Klassifikatsiya idiopaticheskikh makulyarnykh razryvov setchatki // Sibirskii meditsinskii zhurnal. – Irkutsk: GBOU «Irkutskii gosudarstvennyi meditsinskii universitet». – 2004 – S. 56–59. (In Russ).
2. Faizrakhmanov RR, Kalanov MR, Zainullin RM. Vitrektomiya v sochetanii s pilingom vnutrennei pogranichnoi membrany pri diabeticheskom makulyarnom oteke // Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. – 2015. – № 12 (187). – S. 257–259. (In Russ).
3. Faizrakhmanov RR, Zainullin RM, Gil’manshin TR, Yarmukhametova AL. Kartirovanie foveolyarnoi zony setchatki pri ideopaticheskom makulyarnom razryve // Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. – 2014. – № 13 (173). – S. 322–324. (In Russ).
4. Shkvorchenko DO, Zakharov VD, Krupina EA, Pis’menskaya VA, Kakunina SA, Normann KS, Petersen EV. Khirurgicheskoe lechenie pervichnogo makulyarnogo razryva s primeneniem bogatoi trombotsitami plazmy krovi // Oftal’mokhirurgiya. – 2017. – № 3. – S. 27–30. (In Russ).
5. Shpak AA, Ogorodnikova SN. Epiretinal’nye membrany u bol’nykh s odnostoronnimi idiopaticheskimi makulyarnymi razryvami // Vestnik oftal’mologii. – 2009. – № 4 . – C. 18–21. (In Russ).
6. Bonnet S. Surgery of the senile macular hole // Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 1993; 247(1): 75-8.
7. Chan A, Duker JS, Schuman JS, Fujimoto JG. Stage 0 macular holes: observations by optical coherence tomography // Ophthalmology. – 2004.
8. Dellaporta A. Endodiathermy: a method for sealing macular holes by transbulbar coagulation // Am J Ophthalmol. –1954. –37(5): 649-56.
9. Felfeli T, Mandelcorn ED. Macular hole hydro dissection: Surgical Technique for the Treatment of Persistent, Chronic, and Large Macular Holes // Retina. – 2018. – P. 10.
10. Gass JD. Reappraisal of biomicroscopic classification of stages of development of a macular hole // Am. J. Ophthalmol. – 1995. – № 119(6). – P. 752–759.
11. Gass JD. Stereoscopic atlas of macular diseases (diagnostic and treatment) // Second Ed. – St. Louis: Mosby Co., – 1977. – P. 411.
12. Gaudric A, Massin P, Paques M, Santiago PY, Guez JE, Le Gargasson JF, Mundler O, Drouet L. Autologous platelet concentrate for the treatment of full-thickness macular holes // Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. –1995; 233(9) – P. 54–549.
13. Hanselmayer H. Laser-photocoagulation of macular holes // Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. – 1976; 169(2): 231-4.
14. Johnson MW. Perifoveal vitreous detachment and its macular complications // Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. – 2005; 103: 537–567.
15. Juncal VR, Chow DR, Vilà N, Kapusta MA, Williams RG, Kherani A, Berger AR. Ocriplasmin versus vitrectomy for the treatment of macular holes // Can J Ophthalmol. –2018 Oct; 53(5): 441-446.
16. Kelly NE, Wendel RT. Vitreous surgery for idiopathic macular holes. Results of a pilot study. // Arch Ophthalmol. – 1991; 109(5): 654-659.
17. Knapp H. Uber isolorite zereisseungen der aderhaut in folge von traumen auf dem augapfel // Arch.Augenheilk. – 1869. – N 1.
18. Kuhnt H. Uber eine eigentumliche Veranderung der Netzhaut ad maculam // Z. Augenheilk. – 1900. – N 3.
19. Liggett PE. Human autologous serum for the treatment of full-thickness macular holes. A preliminary study. // Ophthalmology. –1995;102(7): 1071-6.
20. Michalewska ZI, Michalewski J, Dulczewska-Cichecka K, Adelman RA, Nawrocki J. Retina. Temporal invarted internal limiting membrane flap technique versus classic inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique: A Comparative Study. – 2015; 35(9): 1844-50.
21. Mikuni M, Kobayashi S, Yaoeda H. Light coagulation treatment for cases of macular hole. // Nihon Ganka Kiyo. – 1966; 17(5): 593-7.
22. Morizane Y, Shiraga F, Kimura S, Hosokawa M, Shiode Y, Kawata T, Hosogi M, Shirakata Y, Okanouchi T. Autologous transplantation of the internal limiting membrane for refractory macular holes // Am. J. Ophthalmol. – 2014; 157(4). – P. 861–869.
23. Morris R, Kuhn F, Witherspoon CD. Hemorrhagic macular cyst // Ophthalmology. –1994. – Vol. 110. P. 1.
24. Orellana J, Lieberman RM. Stage III macular hole surgery // British Journal Ophthalmology Vol. 77. –1993;(9).
25. Pichi F, Lembo A, Morara M. Early and late inner retinal changes after inner limiting membrane peeling // International Ophthalmology. – 2014. – P. 437–446.
26. Schepens, C.L. Fundus change caused by alteration of the vitreous body // Am.j Ophtalmology. – 1955. – Vol. 39.
27. Scott IU, Moraczewski AL, Smiddy WE, Flynn HW Jr, Feuer WJ. Long-term anatomic and visual acuity outcomes after initial anatomic success with macular hole surgery. // Am. J. Ophthalmol. –2003 May; 135(5): 633-40.
28. Sebag J. Anatomy and pathology of the vitreo-retinal interface // Eye. – 1992; 6: 541-552.
29. Sivalingam, A. Visual prognosis correlated with the presence of internal-limiting membrane in histopathologic specimens obtained from epiretinal membrane surgery // Ophthalmology. – 1990. – Vol. 97. – P. 1549–1552.
30. Spaide RF. Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York «Dissociated optic nerve fiber layer appearance» after internal limiting membrane removal is inner retinal dimpling. Retina. – 2012 Oct; 32(9): 1719-26.
31. Steel DH, Lotery AJ. Idiopathic vitreomacular traction and macular hole: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. // Eye (Lond). – 2013 Oct; 27 Suppl 1: S1-21.
32. Tilanus MA, Deutman AF. Full-thickness macular holes treated with vitrectomy and tissue glue // International Ophthalmology. – 1994. 18(6): 355-8.
33. Worst JG. Cisternal systems of the fully developed vitreous body in the young adult // Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. – 1977; 97: 550-554.
